Staging a comeback? The influencing mechanism of tourist crowding perception on adaptive behavior

An increasing number of studies have recently elucidated the serious negative effects of tourist crowding. However, how tourists cope with crowding and adopt adaptive responses remains unclear. Thus, this study qualitatively identified the mechanism of tourist crowding perception of adaptive behavior from interviewees and then quantitatively validated the mechanism through the mediation of tourist fatigue and negative emotions, as well as the moderation of peer emotion contagion. Tourists were more likely to return to a destination and engage in temporal replacement behavior through the mediating effect of tourist fatigue, but it was also found that peer emotional contagion interferes with two paths that explain how tourist crowding perception influences tourist emotion change or state variation, impacting adaptive behavior responses. Consequently, we recommend diverting tourists, focusing on alleviating fatigue and negative emotions and channeling the peers’ negative emotions to mitigate the negative impact of tourist crowding.     

Convergence and determinants of ICT development in case of emerging market economies

This paper aims to examine the convergence of ICT development in the case of 27 emerging market economies (EMEs) using annual data from 2000 to 2018. First, by employing Phillips-Sul (PS) panel convergence test, the results not only support the evidence of convergence in ICT development but also find convergence in the composition of ICT development known as ICT access and ICT use. Second, the study identifies factors such as per capita income, human capital, and FDI which significantly affect ICT development. Third, results based on stochastic conditional convergence reveal that EMEs countries are not only converging among themselves but also ‘catch-up’ to the OECD countries.     

Economic importance and structural robustness of the international pesticide trade networks

Pesticides are agricultural inputs that can significantly reduce yield losses, regulate plant growth, effectively liberate agricultural productivity, and improve food security. The availability of pesticides in economies worldwide is ensured by redistribution through international trade, with different economies playing different roles in this process. In this study, we measured and ranked the importance of economies using nine node metrics. We found that the clustering coefficient was negatively correlated with the other eight node metrics, whereas the other eight node metrics were positively correlated with each other and could be grouped into three communities (betweenness; in-degree, PageRank, authority, and in-closeness; out-degree, hub, and out-closeness). We further investigated the structural robustness of international pesticide trade networks proxied by large component size under three types of shocks to economies (node removal in descending, random, and ascending orders). The results showed that, except for the clustering coefficient, international pesticide trade networks are relatively robust under shocks to economies in ascending order but fragile under shocks to economies in descending order. By contrast, removing nodes with a clustering coefficient in ascending and descending order yielded similar robustness curves. Moreover, the structural robustness related to large component size evolved over time and exhibited an inverse U-shaped pattern.     

Measuring performance: Ranking state success over two decades in India

This paper proposes new composite measures of relative and dynamic state performance to improve governance and delivery of public programs in developing countries with a federal structure. We illustrate the use of the indices to rank the performance of 19 major Indian states on two large development programs launched by the Indian government over the last two decades using publicly available data. Although we find volatility in performance over time, there exists a positive correlation between measures of initial (administrative) state capacity, development and accountability with program outcomes. Our findings have important implications for both the design and implementation of large-scale public programs across developing countries.     

专利视角下人工智能与车联网技术融合演化研究

通过对人工智能与车联网技术融合特征进行研究，能够精准识别车联网产业技术机会，为人工智能与车联网产业创新融合发展提供方向指引。选取2000—2019年相关专利数据，对人工智能与车联网领域技术融合进行识别与测度，采用Word2vec文本挖掘算法和社会网络分析法，揭示融合领域技术发展态势、技术主题关联模式、技术共现网络整体结构和节点功能演变情况。研究发现，融合过程呈现明显的阶段性特征，图像识别等相关算法是车联网领域最基础的人工智能算法，卷积神经网络等相关算法是最具潜力和发展前景的人工智能算法；智能交通平台是融合领域的重点发展方向；数据识别与数据表示技术在融合演变过程中的控制能力较强，无线通信网络技术发展受到相关人工智能技术发展水平的制约。基于研究结论，从研发方向、学科建设、平台搭建等方面提出启示和建议。     

Temporal aggregation of the Aumann–Serrano and Foster–Hart performance indexes

We investigate the temporal aggregation of the Aumann–Serrano (AS) and Foster–Hart (FH) performance indexes considered by Kadan and Liu (2014). We provide sufficient conditions for the two indexes to be closed under temporal aggregation, that is, for the two indexes to have the same values when the observations are aggregated. Here, we present empirical examples using U.S. stock data and the four anomalies studied by Fama and French (1993) and Carhart (1997), where the two indexes have nearly identical values in some stocks and one anomaly when the observations are aggregated. Unlike the Sharpe ratio, the AS and FH performance indexes have more stable properties with respect to temporal aggregation.     

南北经济收敛性与共同富裕

区域经济收敛有利于协调区域发展,从而有助于实现我国共同富裕的奋斗目标。然而我国幅员辽阔,区域经济差距由来已久。当下,从GDP总量的角度来看,我国区域经济格局呈南北经济差距扩大的态势。文章利用我国284个地级市文章中的284个地级市还包括4个直辖市。2000—2019年面板数据,探析了南北经济差距演变情况。首先,基于σ收敛和dagum基尼系数分析了人均实际GDP演变特征;其次,构建β收敛模型分析了南北经济收敛性,并考察了人力资本、物质资本、技术水平、对外开放和财政支出对南北经济收敛的影响;最后,文章从共同富裕的视角,对我国西南、西北和东北地区与其他地区的经济收敛性进行探讨。研究发现:(1)南北区域经济存在显著的俱乐部效应,南方内部经济由收敛演变为不具有显著收敛特征,而北方内部经济差距均呈收敛趋势;(2)适度的人力资本的流动不会导致经济发散,物质资本总体上延缓区域经济收敛速度,财政支出对区域经济收敛的作用有限,而技术水平和对外开放对经济收敛速度的影响不稳定;(3)从实现共同富裕的总体目标来看,西北地区的经济表现与其他地区存在显著差异,东北和西南的小部分区域也需要引起一定的重视。对此文章提出合理化建议,以期更好实现共同富裕目标。     

Parameter-efficient deep probabilistic forecasting

Probabilistic time series forecasting is crucial in many application domains, such as retail, ecommerce, finance, and biology. With the increasing availability of large volumes of data, a number of neural architectures have been proposed for this problem. In particular, Transformer-based methods achieve state-of-the-art performance on real-world benchmarks. However, these methods require a large number of parameters to be learned, which imposes high memory requirements on the computational resources for training such models. To address this problem, we introduce a novel bidirectional temporal convolutional network that requires an order of magnitude fewer parameters than a common Transformer-based approach. Our model combines two temporal convolutional networks: the first network encodes future covariates of the time series, whereas the second network encodes past observations and covariates. We jointly estimate the parameters of an output distribution via these two networks. Experiments on four real-world datasets show that our method performs on par with four state-of-the-art probabilistic forecasting methods, including a Transformer-based approach and WaveNet, on two point metrics (sMAPE and NRMSE) as well as on a set of range metrics (quantile loss percentiles) in the majority of cases. We also demonstrate that our method requires significantly fewer parameters than Transformer-based methods, which means that the model can be trained faster with significantly lower memory requirements, which as a consequence reduces the infrastructure cost for deploying these models.     

我国粮食主产区农业高质量发展的区域差异及收敛性分析

全面认识粮食主产区农业高质量发展差异的空间特性，为推动粮食主产区农业高质量的协调发展提供有益启示。本文从新发展理念出发，构建农业高质量发展综合评价指标体系，运用加入时间变量的熵值法测度2003-2018年我国粮食主产区农业高质量发展水平，利用Dagum基尼系数揭示其发展的区域差异大小及其来源，并采用多种收敛方法考察其收敛性特征。结果显示：粮食主产区农业高质量发展水平较低，在波动中呈总体上升趋势；粮食主产区农业高质量发展存在显著的区域差异，其差异在波动中呈总体下降趋势，区域内差异与区域间差异交替成为区域差异的主要来源；粮食主产区农业高质量发展具备典型的收敛和收敛特征，分区域和分时期的收敛性具有明显的异质性特征。因此为提升农业高质量发展水平和缩小区域差距，需要进一步深化农业供给侧结构性改革，积极发展农业新业态和新模式，并通过“追赶效应”和“以高带低”拉动机制，推动粮食主产区农业高质量发展的跨区域协同提升。     

财政支出对湖南经济收敛的效应研究

运用新古典经济学的收敛模型,通过检验1994～2008年财政支出对湖南经济发展的收敛模型发现,财政支出总额促进了经济的收敛,教育支出、支援农业生产支出、基本建设支出、行政管理费也不同程度地促进了经济的收敛.